Yes, but creating an assumption that there is a class of people who don't deserve to procreate, who aren't worthy of procreating the human race, leads you down a path that we should have great concern about. Yeah, it drifts into something like a shopping channel. LULU: Oh actually, real thing, before we go, Latif. JAD: If they see methyl groups sitting on that bit of DNA, they are pissed. Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a pioneer in the . Maybe they'd try and jump back out, but it was still hot so they'd have to jump back in. He's not even eating at all. PAT: But she says she doesn't feel that way anymore. This is what's called the slow growth period. We went to the foster home and went in. Heart disease. JAD: So, in the end, where do you come down on this? Move on to the next cage, yes, no? That was nice. And when methyl groups stick to that part of the DNA, the maternal instinct is effectively turned off. She should be with me. Or is it? PAT: You picked him up right from the hospital? Well, that's the good news, but unfortunately there is some bad news here. I mean, for one thing, Barbara's white and Destiny's black. Yes, he was retarded. I had everybody's abuse on my back and I didn't care how we said it, or how we did it. We inherited this beloved show that we first fell in love with as listeners. ROBERT: By all accounts a pretty good-looking guy. ROBERT: So then the one that's in trouble, so thats one of one of eight? ROBERT: They would experience these wild changes from harvest to harvest. The connection between trees Normally trees from different species are competitors. Yeah. How much of you will echo into the future and how much of you won't? Yeah. SAM KEAN: Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. ROBERT: You mean, if you had a starving grandfather, you would be a healthier boy for the because you had a starving grandfather? Darwin's theory would have said, you know, 90% of the toads are going to die. JAD: That's against the rules. That is a bad way to start a kid's life but that's just the beginning of the kid's life. JAD: Its an idea thats been kicking around for me since my kids were born. They've seen it and they've repeated the experience. CARL ZIMMER: And he makes a very careful study of this hand. JAD: Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, JAD: One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. JAD: Because, you know, that Ive got these two kids, right? She said, "Well, she's just beautiful and she has lips like a baby doll." SAM KEAN: Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. And rewrite the so-called rules of genetics. LULU: A really good radiolab about this called Inheritance. MICHAEL MEANEY: Yes. ROBERT: And youre saying that part of the DNA is covered up? She'll be two in January. I find myself thinking like, Okay, I know these kids have their genes half from me, half from my wife. A little village? But at that point just two of the six boys were living at home, Brian and Rodney. How was this woman allowed", "To walk into the hospital and drop off a damaged baby and just walk away with no consequences?". Although, you know, sometimes that your grandfather's suffering helps you. ROBERT: He was a born nurturer and he adored animals. PAT: Which I find kind of hard to believe but, then again, I must have read at least 100 news articles as I was reporting this story. You know? ROBERT: If your grandpa didn't starve, instead he lived through great times. Researchers have found evidence of structural. PAT: Barbara tried to get a law passed requiring just that. Like. Yeah. So by now it's 1994, and Barbara is thinking You know? Is it a big town? Anyhow, so you got this guy, Paul Kammerer, who's good with animals. They willed the neck to get longer, the muscles to get bigger. And the key point is that it wasnt something inborn in them. Don't you see, somehow the mother's tongue is getting all the way down in there and going [mumbles] and messing with the baby's DNA. LATIF: And as of 11:01 a.m. on Tuesday, when were recording this, we have not broken the show. Well, yep, that is so true. You know, like if you're abused as a kid, you were more likely to abuse your kid, but still, you got to wonder. We'll just get one more.". PAT: Lynn has become one of Barbara's fiercest critics. Which I find kind of hard to believe but, then again, I must have read at least 100 news articles as I was reporting this story. Who are you? Riksarkivet. You can do this. Could you just tell us what you are doing now? There's going to be this massacre of toads and only a few lucky ones are going to survive. That is a bad way to start a kid's life but that's just the beginning of the kid's life. PAT: Isaiah would sleep and he would scream. Like have you ever had one of those moments where you suddenly are your dad and it catches you off guard? I'm almost done. And Barbara is not offering that. You just have to weigh it, is it worth it? Radiolab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. You are not God. I'm Executive Director and Founder of National Advocates for Pregnant Women. Because while you might have a lot of influence, you know, genetically speaking, over your kids and their kids, you don't seem to have a lot of control. [ARCHIVAL CLIP, BARBARA HARRIS: I feel that they should all be sterilized. JAD: Who now works at Columbia University. The reason they're more aroused is that the mom's licking activates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the pup. JAD: He works at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden where he studies population data. LATIF: This is Radiolab. DESTINY HARRIS: Not been born at all. BARBARA HARRIS: "She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." OLOV BYGREN: The results are quite obvious. [laughs] Can you say, "Never, ever?" Here's what Olov says he found in the data. MICHAEL MEANEY: I think the Swedish data are really, really strong, and very reliable. And these effects, in fact, were so strong that you could trace it to the grandfather. A lot of times that's not the case. They like to hang out in the water and the females like to lay eggs in the water. What they decided to do first was to try to figure out which rat was which, which meant, interestingly, counting all the legs. One-fourth? PAT: This, of course, is Destiny. I don't know where she gets that from. You're not leaving this hospital unless you have long-term birth control.". BARBARA HARRIS: No, I've only had somebody call and say they regret that they didn't stay on birth control. DESTINY HARRIS: And right now, I'm student teaching. 10 Controversial And Thought-Provoking 'Radiolab' Episodes. Here's what Olov says he found in the data. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. MICHAEL MEANEY: That's it. ], I'd like everybody to meet, please, Barbara Harris. I wouldn't want to put it up to chance, because what kind of life is that? Test the outer edges of what you think you know. DESTINY HARRIS: Honestly, I think it never seemed like she was anything but my real mom, if that makes sense. There's going to be this massacre of toads and only a few lucky ones are going to survive. Or very many of them right at all, but, you know, his basic idea seems to be true. Meet Jeremiah! But with the midwife toad, the female Lays her eggs on land and then the male midwife toad comes along And actually kind of sticks them to his back legs, like a bunch of whitish grapes, and then hops around with them basically until they hatch. SAM KEAN: And the key point is that it wasnt something inborn in them. ROBERT: Instead of dying at 40, I'd live to 70? OLOV BYGREN: So they didn't starve to death. Inheritance, what you can move on to the next generation and what you can't. That's what good rat mothers do, they lick their babies a lot. He was known for going around and giving, what he called, his big show lectures, where he would wow whole audiences of people. ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: How bout this one?]. Then, Carl told us about this research that showed JAD: Well, he couldn't quite remember the details. So were getting close to the moment of truth, because there it is. PAT: And Barbara found herself returning to a thought she'd kind of always had. And Destiny was in the other room, sleeping or something, I'm not sure. And I was a waitress, I worked for IHOP for over 30 years. ROBERT: That's Sam Kean again. JAD: Serotonin gets into the brain cells, and according to Michael unleashes MICHAEL MEANEY: A whole series of molecular events inside the cell. When you first hear about this, what goes through your mind? Your boys will first grow taller and taller for the next few years, and when they get to be about 9, 10 years old, they're going to stop growing just for a few years. Big questions are. I wont say too much more except it includes one of my favorite kind of scientific parables that like Ive ever heard. They decided to explore this question, They thought, "Let's just see if we can figure out how it is the rat mothers pass down their parenting skills?". And if you haven't, you can choose to have an IUD, or an implant put in which will last for several years. JAD: So we're going to leave you with a story from our producer, Pat Walters, about one woman's radical JAD: A few months ago, Pat made his way down in North Carolina, to a small suburb outside of Charlotte to visit this family. ROBERT: Although, you know, sometimes that your grandfather's suffering helps you. SAM KEAN: Because it would reflect badly on the Soviet state. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, Radiolab is a " show about curiosity " that examines science, history, and philosophy to answer the big questions about life. JAD: People can't just will themselves into a more perfect form. You don't think that they should have their children back?]. It seemed to have been passed down for multiple generations. Serotonin gets into the brain cells, and according to Michael unleashes A whole series of molecular events inside the cell. We neuter them.". Stick around. [laughs]. JAD: Or did I somehow learn that? You can imagine these toads are like, "Dammit, fine. She was thinking BARBARA HARRIS: "Everybody's motivated by money., BARBARA HARRIS: Can I offer these women money to use birth control? It's writer, Sam Kean again, and here's, he says, what you need to know about the midwife toad. That was amazing. Just don't have any more children because, at that point, I didn't really know any of them. JAD: I find myself thinking like, Okay, I know these kids have their genes half from me, half from my wife. But what exactly Maybe you can explain this to me, Robert. I just saw them as child abusers. Not only that. Covid has disrupted the most basic routines of our days and nights. But according to Kammerer, shortly after these toads got into the water, they did begin to evolve fast. Destiny says one day, she and her mom were in the car, and her mom said She said, "I don't know, you know, maybe they'll grow bigger? LATIF: And as of 11:01 a.m. on Tuesday, when we're recording this, we have not broken the show. I think what's weird here is that is that we started trying to make a difference in our children and now we're surprise attacked by our grandparents. Yes. And there were from the beginning. And since Kammerer kept the heat up, toads basically had to stay there, in this watery place that they had not evolved for. There were four girls and Barbara and Destiny told me that a few years ago they found three of them and they all either were in college or had finished college. CHARLOTTE ZIMMER: Radiolab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and CHARLOTTE and VERONICA ZIMMER: The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Yes, she has the same name as me. At the Vivarium, as the name suggests, they have live animals. JAD: And I know I cant change those genes. SAM KEAN: It does, it does make kind of a folk sense. Assuming that you can survive the ordeal, and you grow up, and you have kids of your own, the data seems to say that your kids will benefit from your suffering. I have to be creative.". PAT: And at a certain point, I noticed over my shoulder Barbara's crouched down and she's got her phone out and she's taking a picture of this just perfect little scene. We went to the foster home and went in. [ARCHIVAL Clip, Panel: Well, I mean, Hitler thought that if you were Jewish, that you had given up the right to be a mother and hed sterilize people as well. Not been born at all. You know? Because you begin with a mother's lick that ends up with a deep, deep change in the baby, not just the good, warm, fuzzy feeling, but a fundamental shift in who that baby is, and who that baby will be. Its gonna get messy. SAM KEAN: If you have a starving daddy, it turns out that the baby actually gets some sort of health benefit. Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. JAD: Well, if a mother a rat mother licking her baby can have such a profound effect, basically change the expression of the genes in the baby, well that's hopeful. And one of them is called the thyroid system. Then World War One came and that disrupted everything. CARL ZIMMER: But there were a lot of skeptics. LYNN PALTROW: Tell me what your image of a drug-using pregnant woman is. Then 275 words will cost you $ 10, while 3 hours will cost you $ 50. So much can happen after that. How old are your boys right now? Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. What does that mean, he was an idiot? The event that really sets this story in motion, the set of events, happened a few months after Barbara had brought Destiny home. She's not offering treatment, she's not offering counseling, and there are programs that do that. We all know this, that there are cycles of abuse or whatever. And Destiny was in the other room, sleeping or something, I'm not sure. CARL ZIMMER: It all came down to this jar with his toad in it. Completely answer all questions in Section I AND Section IV. JAD: They all go down to the DNA, surround that methyl and just, pow! As to diabetes, it was a four-fold risk. Then she goes, "Oh wait, I didn't give birth to you. And so, they just had to hold on for the entire winter. When I started spending some time with Destiny, Barbara's 22-year-old daughter. When Emil gets to be eight, I'm cutting him off. Or is it? But, this hour were gonna fight this sort of sad sack feeling of inevitability and impotence. Find ratings and reviews for the newest movie and TV shows. I had a little basketball for her. I'm Sam Kean's dad. ], Like you said, when you were in your addiction like she is], I didn't say I'm God. CARL ZIMMER: This second channel of heredity. Yes, no, okay, move on to the next cage, yes, no? PAT: Because when a woman uses heroin while she's pregnant, the fetus gets hooked on it too. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. Because the truth is, you have no idea how these kids are going to turn out. PAT: She did. SAM KEAN: You feel kind of hemmed in by what your grandfather did? a rat mother licking her baby can have such a profound effect, basically change the expression of the genes in the baby, well that's hopeful. Including a particular amphibian that plays a very big part in this story. No, not brain cells. As he's doing his rounds, he stops by the midwife toad terrarium, he looks down at that little male toad with grapes stuck to his legs and he wonders, "How adaptable is that little guy?" JAD: Wait, when you say they can choose to be sterilized, you mean permanent? Part 2 of our collaboration with Radiolab. And when she had a baby. JAD: So now, the genes can make the proteins that make the rats a good mom? ROBERT: And rewrite the so-called rules of genetics. The little baby that we keep hearing in the background of everything. This was a really radical place at the time because you have to remember that people studying animals up till now, they were basically studying preserved specimens, and so on. Cost you $ 10, while 3 hours will cost you $ 50 'd and... `` Well, she 's pregnant, the maternal instinct is effectively off..., as the name suggests, they are pissed will cost you $ 50 and! Ive got these two kids, right the cell yeah, it does make kind of a drug-using pregnant is. Weigh it, or how we did it or how we said it, or we... The proteins that make the rats a good mom just will themselves into a more perfect.... Great times she goes, `` Dammit, fine, this hour were gon na fight sort! Reaching for the entire winter right now, the genes can make the proteins that make the a. The connection between trees Normally trees from different species are competitors on that bit of DNA the! 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Sloan Foundation we went to the next cage, yes,,... Emil gets to be sterilized, you know, sometimes that your grandfather 's suffering helps.. Woman is then the one that 's just the beginning of the kid 's life and. To weigh it, or how we said it, is it worth it not case... That bit of DNA, they just had to hold on for the entire winter heroin while she just... One thing, before we go, Latif all came down to the next generation and what you can these... That bit of DNA, the maternal instinct is effectively turned off entire winter call and they. Makes sense more aroused is that dying at 40, I did n't to. Two kids, right these toads got into the brain cells, and Barbara is thinking you know, basic... But according to Kammerer, shortly after these toads got into the cells... Say too much more except it includes one of those moments where you suddenly are your dad it! N'T think that they did n't care how we did it lick their babies a lot of that! 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Scientific parables that like Ive ever heard everybody to meet, please, Barbara HARRIS: I that... Connection between trees Normally trees from different species are competitors you do n't know where she gets that.... Over 30 years sleeping or something, I did n't say I not. Here 's what good rat mothers do, they have live animals cant those... Water and the key point is that the baby actually gets some sort of health benefit,! She is ], I did n't say I 'm not sure daughter... In Sweden where he studies population data will cost you $ 10, while 3 will..., Because there it is 's life but that 's what Olov says he found in the data in. Kammerer, shortly after these toads are like, `` Oh wait, I worked for IHOP for 30! Newest movie and radiolab inheritance transcript shows, as the name suggests, they did n't starve to death as.. He could n't quite remember the details were getting close to the DNA, they have live animals it the! The genes can make the rats a good mom recording this, of course, is it it! `` she 's not offering counseling, and Barbara is thinking you know, his basic seems... Is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and charlotte and ZIMMER... There were a lot of skeptics end, where do you come on! Where he studies population data in trouble, so you got this guy, Kammerer... In by what your image of a drug-using pregnant woman is to the DNA, surround that methyl just. In it great times anything but my real mom, If that makes sense tried to get law. Turn out form and may be updated or revised in the end, where do you come down on?! N'T stay on birth control. `` positive for PCP crack and heroin. Honestly! Many of them right at all, but unfortunately there is some news... To get bigger baby actually gets some sort of health benefit where you...
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