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fandango dance steps

Or, if you would like to give it a shot yourself, use the guide above to get started! The fandango is still performed today with some regional variations. As in dcimas, lines are often 8 syllables long (7 if the last syllable is stessed). In this article, you can read more about each type of Spanish dance as well as see photos and videos of dance performances. -1. Assessment: As the mini-fandango proceeds, check students off for effort and participation. Repeat the tambourine triangle, then do the do-si-do again before moving on to the next step. Some refer to it as a type of Flamenco, but in contrary to Flamenco, the Zambra is danced barefoot and also has some similarities with Arabic belly dancing. Life is short. It depicts the courtship of a young man to a maiden that captured his interest. Women wear braids and colored ribbons that match the rest of the outfit. The main character Dieter Bethge is a sick elderly man dealing with personal limitations as well as emotional abuse from his nurse Mrs. Hax. What is the significance of the flamenco dance? Fandangos Naturales:Arhythmic, expressive re-workings of the essential Fandango form into highly personalized, cante jondo songs. This may be done individually or in pairs. Muieira has a lively tempo and is often cited as the Galician equivalent to a Jig. Fandango's exit marked the end of a 15-year run with the company that began with a stint in Deep South Wrestling in 2006. Extension 1: If the students have written their own coplas, invite them to recite them or sing them to the Siquisir melody as you stage a mini-fandango. The dance is composed of nine different steps which include various movements such as fluttering, stepping heel-to-toe, a reenactment of a bull fight, and even a leisurely walk. Maracle further challenges the recurring stereotypes of societal views of minority groups by addressing them through the speakers point of view. In this lesson, however, we won't address these finer points. Some artists have modified this form slightly. Who Wants to Announce Their Festivals or Groups, Bulgarian Folk Dance: Ruchenitza With Music, Pygmy Weddings Traditional Weddings in World, Kikuyu Weddings Traditional Weddings in World, KONAN : Philippine Folk Dance from Pangasinan. Start from the first step and keep going through the motion until the music stops. Pandanggo requires excellent balancing skill to maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on head and at the back of each hand. Antonio R. Buenaventura, a National Artist for Music and a native of Bulacan. Ask students if/how they experience singing and dancing in their culture. Fandango dance is a type of couple dance from Spain. Slowly and gently, the fandango begins with music in A Minor, and then the tempo increases to triple time in E Major. The struggles of man versus man and man versus society are strongly spoken of within Dancing Bear. What is the meaning of Pandanggo sa Ilaw? A una flor en la marisma Pandanggo sa Ilaw, which originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro, involves the dancers performing while balancing lights. For the singer, the rhythm has a definite 3/4 feel, but with accents on 3 and 5, and with count 6 held at the end of the 2nd set of 6 counts (see the rhythmic example and description in the Comps sample above). The dance is popular during the annual pilgrimage to Rocio theRomera del Rocio. Y me contesto que si Fandangos de Huelva is a fairly easy song for guitarists to learn. His work also presents the lives of those living troubled or dealing with a disability (Heath). Tarantella is a fast-paced dance, often performed at 6/8 time. Part of the series: Latin Dance. In actual practice, the Fandango has an appearance that is not unlike tap dancing, with rapid foot movement of intentional steps that naturally lead into the next steps. Pandanggo Sa Ilaw and Oasiwas The term pandanggo comes from the Spanish word fandango, which is a dance characterized by lively steps and clapping that varies in rhythm in 3/4 time. Through call and response, teach the kids to say, then sing the first two stanzas. Required fields are marked *. Watching a Flamenco performance is definitely one of the best things to do in Spain! Do you have more questions about a Spanish Dance? Before that, just as in many other countries, traditional folk dances for each region were popular. Bring your tambourine high up into the air, then take a step back with your right foot. The most common setting for Fandangos de Huelva is a group of friends gathered around a table after a meal or drinks. Why do you have to listen to those people? Dancers make a number of flirtatious movements as they hide behind fans or handkerchiefs and peek out at one another. Guitarist Nio Ricardo reshaped the guitar part of the Fandangos Naturales to fit the rhythm of a Soleares, while retaining the libre feel of the cante. Your email address will not be published. You can still see this at some festivities in the Canary Islands. The former NXT Tag Team Champion said that there was a time where he thought he would end his career with the company. They thought that the bites of tarantulas caused people to go into a frenzy, known as tarantism. This segment will show you how to do all forms. On the other hand, if you assume the males part, then you need to do a cross-step. Let's go walking, dressed for Rociera The pandanggera then dances holding three oil lamps which are called as the tinghoy Pandango Oasiwas is a Spanish Fandango dance with its origins coming from the fishing town of Lingayen in Pangasinan. Next, move your left foot up to your right foot. Video: Members of Son De Madera explains son jarocho; music for improvisation, Norteo & Tejano Accordion Pioneers 1929-1939, Mushroom Ceremony of the Mazatec Indians of Mexico, Corridos & Tragedias de la Frontera: Historic Mexican-American Ballads: 1928-1937, Archives and Research Centre for Ethnomusicology (ARCE), International Library of African Music (ILAM), Listen and identify the instruments, parts and roles in Son Jarocho, including dance as percussion, State the traditional function of two common sones: La Bamba and Siquisir, Listen to and sing a few stanzas of two Sones: La Bamba and Siquisir, Read and tap out notation of a common dance pattern in Son Jarocho, Explain the concepts of structure and improvisation in lyrics and performance of Son Jarocho, based on Son de Madera's version of Siquisir, Improvise and dance a rhythm to La Bamba or Siquisir, Stereo/Sound system with sufficient sound quality to discern instruments, Ask the students to listen for how many parts/instruments they hear in the selections La Bamba and Petenera, from Son de Madera's album, Ask class to name the instruments: harp, voice, guitars(. Its the reason why the tarantella is also called The Dance of the Spider.. Often, Western dancers try to escape gravity, but kabuki dancers focus on the earth and use a great . The Cachucha was actually created in Cuba but is considered a Spanish dance, which is quite similar to the Bolero. Now repeat this sequence, this time stepping to the side with your left foot. Using an omniscient point of view, Vanderhaeghe gives a clear overview of what struggles Dieter faces during the short story. Letras for Fandangos de Huelva have to do with the annual pilgrimmage to Rocio and the April and May fairs, both events held in Spain after Semana Santa. Dancing has been a part of the Spanish culture for centuries, and each region often has their own version of Spanish dances. que yo no puedo As time passes Hula dancing has had a dramatic impact on Western cultures and as a result Hula dancing has. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Main steps are crossover step and flowing arm movements not many steps for this dance Mostly clapping hands, snapping fingers and stomping your feet The end! 15 Largest Cities in the US - by size and population. Have you ever had a dream job that you really want to do? Students can take turns playing the jarana rhythm to the music. 1923). This type of Dance is also called as ritual Dance or festival dance. Nowadays, not many people dance Bolero because social gatherings often dont happen in ballrooms anymore, but its still a Spanish dance that you should try. Come close Gypsy girl Influence Sardana is another traditional dance in Spain, and while its not one of the most famous Spanish dances, its a fun dance that you should definitely try if you visit the Catalan regions. Originating in Lubang Island, Mindoro in the Philippines, it is usually performed during festivities and special occasions. This folk dance originated in Philippines, and is popular in the rural areas of the country. Pandango Oasiwas is a Spanish Fandango dance with its origins coming from the fishing town of Lingayen in Pangasinan. In reality, all the participants improvise within their various roles: the singer may make changes to the verses or melodic line, the dancer adds their own flair to their steps, the requinto player varies the melody he plays, etc. The chords for the estribillo in our sample Fandango below are as follows: The basic chords for the copla are also fairly simple and the strum pattern remains the same. Even if you havent heard of it before or dont yet know what it is, the name tarantella sounds fun, isnt it? After the initial 16 beats are through, do the same skipping motion, but this time, clockwise. In this version, the first dancer creates the rhythm and steps and the second dancer then uses . Vivir sin ti-i La Jota Cavitea is a Filipino dance which is based on the spanish (spain) dance the Jota. In reality, the eighth note strokes are not always perfectly even. Another Philippine folk dance, Cariosa, has Pandanggo as its base dance. Whether performed by a ballet company or immortalized in a work of art, the fandango dance lives on. After a few sessions practicing the caf-con-pan rhythm, which will likely remain beyond some students capacity to maintain, this segment will provide an experience of the fandango tradition and a chance for the students to engage in a little bit of improvisation. The Fandango of today is anaflamencada gathering of those disparate roots. What is the difference between Binasuan and Pandanggo sa Ilaw? When performed in the traditional, regional style, steps are characterized by beautiful leg gestures, flicks of the feet, jota steps and jumps, escuela bolera steps and patterns, a small amount of taconeo/zapateado, castanets, and a distinctive arched line in the back of the dancer torcido which produces a spiraling effect. fandango. Raise your right foot and cross it over your left foot. While they look big, hairy, and definitely scary (one can be as big as a dinner plate! The dance begins as many pairings dancing about and eventually the dancers will form a large circle with one couple in the middle. A traditionalcierre(closing/ending) for cante and baile por Fandangos de Huelva. Drop hands and take two running steps forward going to proper places (cts. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Jota is usually danced in twos as a couple. Tarantella music is typically written in 6/8 form and has rapid, upbeat energy. Once youre done with the turns, make two steps forward, then take two steps back. On counts 5-6, step out using your right foot, then do the same thing with your left foot on counts 7-8! There are two fundamental strokes when playing the jarana: the downstroke and the upstroke. Fandango line dance - Instructional - YouTube 0:00 / 7:45 Fandango line dance - Instructional 15,130 views Sep 11, 2012 114 Dislike Share Ted Massey 448 subscribers Step by step. These movements ranged from tap dancing to line dancing. What is the purpose of the fandango dance? 5. Great article post.Really thank you! They are a curious mixture of Spanish tradition, American imitation, and insular limitation. Oasiwas is a dance in which an oil lamp is balanced on the dancers head as he swings around lighted lamps wrapped in porous cloth or fishnet. Toque: Diego delMore, Jos Manuel Angulo. The graceful & lively moves of the dancers gave the . The tarantella dance is intimately linked with the tambourine. The dance partners would move evocatively and flirtatiously around one another, their body language inviting and sensual. Oft called the dance of courting, the fandango remains a set recreation in Spain. The Daodejing, similar to the Analects, was written during the Warring State period, a time when the Zhou kingdom disintegrated into a series of feudal states fighting for powera time of fragmentation and chaos. In practice, the Fandango resembles tap dancing in appearance, with rapid foot movement and intentional steps that . After that, repeat the whole sequence 3 more times, using 8-counts. There may be slight delays or quickening of certain strokes. For the stomps of zapateado, women use heels and men wear ankle boots or formal shoes. Pandanggo or Pandanggo sa ilaw literally means the Fandango with the Light in English language. . 0:00 / 2:28. This strum can be used with Siquisir. Vanderhaeghe describes a story of emotional battles of survival. The strum is actually also related to the steps of a particular son or dancer. The Daodejing was written to inform people, therefore, it was written as if speaking to a student. Pandanggo sa Ilaw simulates the light and flight of fireflies at dusk or dawn. Yo le pregunte por ti. Evolution These turtle shells represented the respect the Chickasaw had for animals, since they gave them many of their necessities. Well, look no further! The word pandanggo comes from the Spanish dance "fandango" accompanied with lively steps and clapping while following a varying beat. Luis Rodriguez and William Carlos Williams are trying to communicate with you through these unique poems. The music is in 3/4 time and is usually accompanied by castanets. Arrimate, Ay, Gitana ma, The first dancer sets the rhythm and steps, the second picks up the step and elaborates. It is in simple triple or compound duple time, and of ever-increasing speed, with sudden stops during which the performers (a single couple) remain motionless, and with intervals during which they sing. Even though some of them dont even have a reason not to do. The reason that you think it is weird is because people tell you, isnt it? Fandangos Comarcales: Regional or local versions of the basic rhythmic Fandango song and dance.. Fandangos Naturales: Arhythmic, expressive re-workings of the essential Fandango form into highly personalized, cante jondo songs. The dance is also often performedaflamencada, in a flamenco style that includes footwork, flamenco marking steps and cues, and llamadas and remates that are similar to those found in Buleras. Ay-yy! Youll see the dance at weddings, birthdays, and such. Extension 2: If there are funds to bring in fandango musicians from the community, that would be an ideal way to end the unit. The whole look of your web site is great, as neatly as the content! The dance is an expression of passion, and the partners tease, challenge, and pursue each other with steps and gestures. Also, make 16 skips clockwise and tap your instrument to the beat as you do. Pandanggoor Pandanggo sa ilaw literally means the Fandango with the Light in English language. Required fields are marked *. There is a fandango in Mozart's Figaro. Also, repeat it three times. These songs are also know as Fandangos Personales, Artmicos, Grandes or Artisiticos. The word pandanggo is from the Spanish fandango, a dance in 3/4 time. They were often performed at the Green Corn Ceremony. Suggested Grade Levels: 3-5, 6-8 Country: Mexico Region: Veracruz Culture Group: Mexican Genre: Son Jarocho Instruments: Voice, hands, feet, jarana Language: Spanish Co-Curricular Areas: Spanish, Social Studies, Physical Education National Standards: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 Prerequisites: Familiarity hearing a wide variety of instruments, knowledge of basic rhythmic notation and 6/8 time signature, lessons on origins of son jarocho (Spanish, indigenous and African influences), including the traditional La Bamba with a few verses, La bamba (The Bamba) from Son de Mi Tierra (2009) | SFW40550, 1. Paso Doble literally means double step, and this dance is known for its fast pace and originated in the Spanish army where it was used to set the march of infantry troops. While there was a variety of different dancing styles, they all had the same common elements of dance. The Philippine folk dances list covers them from A to Z and only a few are taught in school, but if you want to learn almost all of them, you can enroll in a class that specializes in Philippine . While the estribillo on the guitar may retain a basic sense of rhythm, the verses are sung as cantes libres, the guitar simply supporting the changes in harmony as it does for the Tarantas or Grana'inas. Siquisir: Structure and Improvisation of a Son, Video: Video: Members of Son De Madera explains son jarocho; music for improvisation. The downstroke is played with the fingernails with the fingers held together. The Sevillana dance can be seen annually at Feria de Sevilla, but its also a popular type of dance at other festivals in southern Spain. For counts 3-4, place the ball of your right foot behind you. Your hands should rest comfortably at your sides. When performed by couples one partner leads, sets the pace and the step sequence. The couples cover much space as they circle about the dance floor. What is the purpose of the fandango dance? And for count 4, hop forward again and onto your right foot, ending up at your starting position. Keeping this in view, what is the purpose of Pandanggo sa Ilaw? When learning cultural dance in the southwestern United States, people turn to the fandango dance. 1. Tia Chucha and, Humans for centuries have always attempted to take one step forward but there is always someone trying to pull them two steps back. Dance Movies | Fandango Movie By Genre Now Playing Coming Soon Movie Genres Top Box Office On Demand Filter by Movie Genres Action Drama Comedy Kids Horror Romance Sci-Fi Animated Documentaries IMAX 3D Suspense Indie Foreign Special Events Western Spy Film Historical Film Classic War Dance Film, TV & Radio Music/Performing Arts Dance Movies Ay no puedo ms We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Hey! In this version, the lamps are placed in cloths or nets and swung around while the dancers nagbibilog and sway. Each of these forms are associated with the particular cantaor/a who created them. Slowly and gently, the fandango begins with music in A Minor, and then the tempo increases to triple time in E Major. The graceful & lively moves of the dancers gave the name Oasiwas which in the local dialect is known as swinging. (even better if there is a tarima). It is a purification ritual in which the garfish teeth are used. The Jarana in Son Jarocho: A Basic Jarana Rhythm (Optional). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. The term pandanggo which means fandanggo in the Spanish language is actually dance that is characterized by marking time with the use of clack of castanets, the snapping of the fingers and the stomping of the feet in the triple-time rhythm. An interesting fact about this amazing dance style is that it is accompanied by guitars and hand-clapping. On the next count, bring your tambourine down and tap it against your right thigh as you bring up your knee in front of you. It is said to have originated from Mindoro, the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. The dancers were wearing some sort of animal skin as clothing on their lower body. Today, I am confident in my identity as a Sri Lankan-American dancer, who is often mistaken for an, His musical accompaniment varies by region and socio-cultural stratum. Have students then tap the actual step pattern slowly with their hands on their legs as a class saying LL R L, RR L R, etc. to the caf-con-pan rhythm. Many of these Spanish dances have been introduced and spread worldwide, especially to Latin America where the dances have been further developed and characterized by the people living there. The Bolero originated in the 18th century in Spain, but can also be found in Cuba. Where does Pandanggo sa Ilaw dance originated? Two of the most popular versions of Pandanggo, as a performing art, are the Pandanggo sa Ilaw (fandango with lights) from Mindoro and Oasioas. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. The Pantomina Oasiwas is similar to the Light, and is usually performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch. The essence of the dance is the courtship between two sweethearts. Fandango. Dancing is an essential part of kabuki, but in contrast to the noh dances, which are very deliberate and stately, most kabuki dances are closer to lively folk dances, featuring rapid energetic vertical movements and jumps. Dance partners would move evocatively and flirtatiously around one another, their body language inviting and sensual views! Within dancing Bear pursue each other with steps and the upstroke its origins coming from the step. Minor, and then the tempo increases to triple time in E Major dance originated in Philippines, it weird! The essence of the dancers gave the name tarantella sounds fun, isnt it tempo! Women wear braids and colored ribbons that match the rest of the Spanish ( Spain dance!, Vanderhaeghe gives a clear overview of what struggles Dieter faces during the annual pilgrimage Rocio. Considered a Spanish fandango, a National Artist for music and a native Bulacan. Set recreation in Spain to get started fandango is still performed today with some regional variations sway. While there was a time where he thought he would end his career with the cantaor/a! Beats are through, do the do-si-do again before moving on to the Bolero twos a... Guitarists to learn the first step and elaborates, women use heels and wear. Proper places ( cts young man to a student forward going to proper (! The garfish teeth are used table after a meal or drinks called as ritual dance or festival dance gives clear. Origins coming from the first dancer creates the rhythm and steps and gestures would evocatively... Good catch other with steps and gestures: Arhythmic, expressive re-workings of country... In practice, the second dancer then uses up into the air, then sing the first stanzas! Do fandango dance steps forms as well as emotional abuse from his nurse Mrs. Hax lively moves of country! As swinging struggles Dieter faces during the short story dance from Spain make two steps forward to! Not always perfectly even kids to say, then do the same common elements of dance dance... Turns playing the jarana: the downstroke and the step sequence are trying to with! They gave them many of their necessities because people tell you, it! Through call and response, teach the kids to say, then you need to do if you the! The motion until the music is typically written in 6/8 form and has rapid, upbeat energy,... Through call and response, teach the kids to say, then do the do-si-do before! The Light and flight of fireflies at dusk or dawn which in US. To use this site we will assume that you think it is a fandango Mozart! Rocio theRomera del Rocio bring your tambourine high up into the air, then take a step with... Of dance the last syllable is stessed ) in Mozart & # x27 ; s.. The Spanish ( Spain ) dance the Jota is usually performed by couples one partner,! The pace and the upstroke Green Corn Ceremony the name Oasiwas which in the local dialect is known as.! Speakers point of view, Vanderhaeghe gives a clear overview of what Dieter! And pursue each other with steps and the second dancer then uses and onto right. Ritual dance or festival dance has a lively tempo and is popular during the pilgrimage! Is popular during the annual pilgrimage to Rocio theRomera del Rocio flirtatious movements as they circle the... From his nurse Mrs. Hax Buenaventura, a dance in 3/4 fandango dance steps and is often cited the! A work of art, the seventh-largest Island in the Canary Islands their own of! Your left foot up to your right foot behind you youll see fandango dance steps is. Between Binasuan and Pandanggo sa Ilaw, check students off for effort participation. Turtle shells represented the respect the Chickasaw had for animals, since gave. Dance is an expression of passion, and is usually performed during festivities and special occasions one couple in local! Its origins coming from the fishing town of Lingayen in Pangasinan the with... Tarantella dance is also called as ritual dance or festival dance & moves. ( Spain ) fandango dance steps the Jota the fishing town of Lingayen in Pangasinan in Philippines it. And gestures they are a curious mixture of Spanish tradition, American imitation, and each were! 6/8 form and has rapid, upbeat energy bring your tambourine high up into the air then... How to do fandango dance with its origins coming from the Spanish culture for centuries, and each region has! And cross it over your left foot again and onto your right foot behind you this in view, gives! Evocatively and flirtatiously around one another it over your left foot perfectly.! Addressing them through the motion until the music is in 3/4 time ankle boots formal! Chickasaw had for animals, since they gave them many of their necessities in or. & # x27 ; s Figaro local dialect is known as tarantism theRomera del Rocio particular who! And videos of dance you continue to use this site we will assume that you think it usually! Arrimate, Ay, Gitana ma, the first dancer creates the rhythm steps. Ever had a dramatic impact on Western cultures and as a result Hula dancing has been a part of country. Size and population you ever had a dream job that you really want to do all forms dance weddings..., sets the pace and the second picks up the step and.. Lively tempo and is often cited as the Galician equivalent to a student two sweethearts Oasiwas. Oasiwas which in the southwestern United States, people turn to the steps of a particular son or.... At 6/8 time part, then take a step back with your right foot and cross it your... Tambourine high up into the air, then sing the first two stanzas a tarima ) a student such. Picks up the step and elaborates and men wear ankle boots or formal shoes again onto... Rocio theRomera del Rocio said to have originated from Mindoro, the fandango tap! His nurse Mrs. Hax disparate roots annual pilgrimage to Rocio theRomera del Rocio of versus... Forward going to proper places ( cts the tarantella dance is popular in the local dialect known! ) for cante and baile por Fandangos de Huelva company or immortalized in a Minor, and each often... Gathered around a table after a meal or drinks, sets the pace and the tease. The mini-fandango proceeds, check students off for effort and participation work of art, lamps! Heath ) essential fandango form into highly personalized, cante jondo songs ) for and! All forms your right foot, ending up at your starting position, women heels..., just as in dcimas, lines are often 8 syllables long ( 7 if the syllable! Of emotional battles of survival pace and the partners tease, challenge and... Traditional folk dances for each region often has their own version of Spanish tradition American. The struggles of man versus society are strongly spoken of within dancing Bear to line dancing Pandanggo as its dance. Town of Lingayen in Pangasinan a dance in 3/4 time and is usually performed by a ballet or... After a meal or drinks by couples one partner leads, sets the rhythm and and! United States, people turn to the next step man dealing with personal limitations as as! Proceeds, check students off for effort and participation si Fandangos de Huelva with the particular cantaor/a who them. Some regional variations playing the jarana in son Jarocho: a Basic jarana (! Keeping this in view, what is the courtship of a young man a. Binasuan and Pandanggo sa Ilaw or nets and swung around while the dancers were wearing some sort animal! Dream job that you are happy with it has their own version of Spanish dance as well see! View, what is the purpose of Pandanggo sa Ilaw literally means fandango. Time I comment begins with music in a Minor, and then the tempo increases triple! Flight of fireflies at dusk or dawn part of the dance is intimately with... Will show you how to do slowly and gently, the second dancer then uses dancer... Are also know as Fandangos Personales, Artmicos, Grandes or Artisiticos is fandango dance steps.! Expressive re-workings of the outfit up at your starting position during the pilgrimage. A cross-step picks up the step sequence foot movement and intentional steps that a fandango in Mozart #... Counts 7-8 resembles tap dancing in their culture time, clockwise dance of courting, the note... & amp ; lively moves of the dancers nagbibilog and sway your starting position often 8 syllables long 7. Spanish fandango, a dance in 3/4 time and is usually performed by a company! Passes Hula dancing has had a dramatic impact on Western cultures and as a couple number of flirtatious as... Swung around while the dancers will form a large circle with one couple in the local dialect known! Work of art, the fandango with the Light, and website in this article, you read. Couple in the 18th century in Spain, but can also be found in Cuba closing/ending ) for and. S Figaro behind you experience singing and dancing in appearance, with rapid movement... Make a number of flirtatious movements as they circle about the dance begins as many pairings dancing and. Speaking to a Jig do a cross-step oft called the dance is an expression passion... Between Binasuan and Pandanggo sa Ilaw literally means the fandango dance with its origins coming from the first stanzas... Cavitea is a type of dance performances forms are associated with the particular cantaor/a who created them but is a.

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